Birthmarks are common skin discolourations that appear at birth or shortly after. Birthmarks are common in newborn babies, affecting up to 80% of infants.
They can be distressing for new parents because of their appearance. But birthmarks are usually harmless. Some of them can cause medical problems.
Many people with birthmarks worry about their appearance and may seek treatment. One option for cosmetic concerns is birthmark removal in London.
This article explores the different types of birthmarks, their causes, and available treatment options.
What Are Birthmarks?
Birthmarks are skin abnormalities that are present at birth or appear shortly after.
They can take on a variety of shapes, sizes, and colours and are caused by an overgrowth of cells in the skin.
Some types of birthmarks may only be visible under certain conditions, such as in bright light or when a baby is crying.
Most birthmarks are harmless and do not require treatment.
However, some people may choose to have them removed for cosmetic reasons or if they are causing medical problems.
Types of Birthmarks
Vascular Birthmarks
Vascular birthmarks are caused by an overgrowth of blood vessels in the skin. They can be red, pink, or purple and are often raised or bumpy.
Hemangiomas
Hemangiomas are a type of vascular birthmark that appears as bright red patches or lumps on the skin.
They are more common in girls than boys and usually appear within the first few weeks of life.
Hemangiomas can grow rapidly during the first few months of life but usually begin to shrink and disappear on their own by the age of 7.
Port-wine stains
Port-wine stains are another type of vascular birthmark that appears as flat, pink or red patches on the skin.
They are caused by an overgrowth of blood vessels in the skin and are typically present at birth.
Port-wine stains do not go away independently and may become darker and thicker over time.
Pigmented Birthmarks
Pigmented birthmarks are caused by an overgrowth of pigment-producing cells in the skin. They can be brown, black, or blue and are often flat or slightly raised.
Café-au-lait spots
Café-au-lait spots are a type of pigmented birthmark that appears as light brown patches on the skin.
They are usually oval and can be present at birth or appear in early childhood.
Café-au-lait spots are usually harmless, but if a child has six or more of them, it may be a sign of an underlying medical condition.
Mongolian spots
Mongolian spots are another type of pigmented birthmark that appears as blue or grey patches on the skin.
They are more common in people with darker skin tones and are usually present at birth. Mongolian spots are harmless and usually fade away on their own by the age of 2.
Other Types of Birthmarks
Congenital melanocytic nevi
Congenital melanocytic nevi are a type of birthmark that appears as dark, raised patches on the skin.
They are caused by an overgrowth of pigment-producing cells and are usually present at birth.
Congenital melanocytic nevi can be giant and may increase the risk of developing skin cancer later in life.
Dermal melanocytosis
Dermal melanocytosis is a type of birthmark that appears as blue or grey patches on the skin.
It is more common in people with darker skin tones and is usually present at birth.
Dermal melanocytosis is harmless and usually fades away on its own by the age of 2.
Causes of Birthmarks
The exact causes of birthmarks are not fully understood, but it’s believed they are caused by an overgrowth of cells in the skin.
Most birthmarks are not hereditary or caused by anything parents do during pregnancy.
Birthmarks can be linked to medical conditions or genetic disorders, although such cases are very uncommon.
When to Seek Medical Advice
In some cases, parents should consult a doctor about their children’s birthmarks.
If a birthmark is:
- rapidly growing
- causing pain or discomfort
- bleeding
- associated with other symptoms such as seizures or developmental delays
You should seek the doctor’s advice.
Birthmarks in areas that may affect a child’s well-being, such as near the eyes, mouth, or genitals, may also need medical attention.
Treatment Options for Birthmarks
If a birthmark causes medical or cosmetic concerns, there are treatment options available.
Medication
In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help shrink or slow the growth of a birthmark.
Laser therapy
Laser therapy can be used to treat port-wine stains or hemangiomas. The laser works by targeting the blood vessels or pigment-producing cells in the skin and breaking them down.
Surgery
Surgical removal of a birthmark may be an option for certain types of birthmarks. It’s recommended for large or disfiguring congenital melanocytic nevi.
Many birthmarks will fade over time without treatment, and treatment may not always be necessary.
Parents should discuss any concerns they have about their child’s birthmark with a doctor, who can guide them on the best course of action.
Conclusion
If you have any concerns about your child’s birthmark, it is always best to consult a doctor.
They can offer advice on the best course of action, whether it involves monitoring the birthmark or pursuing a treatment plan.
Remember, birthmarks are common and nothing to be ashamed of.
Consult a doctor before any treatment for your child and trust their guidance for their wellness.